Official Name: Turkmenistan
Ashgabat
Turkmen, Russian
Turkmenistan Manat
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Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan, located in Central Asia, is a country rich in history, culture, and natural resources. With a diverse ethnic makeup and a unique blend of traditions, Turkmenistan has a fascinating past and a promising future. This page provides an overview of Turkmenistan’s history, culture, economy, and politics.
History:
The history of Turkmenistan dates back thousands of years. The region has been inhabited since ancient times, with evidence of human presence found as far back as the Paleolithic era. Over the centuries, Turkmenistan was part of various empires and kingdoms, including the Achaemenid Empire, the Parthian Empire, and the Khwarazmian Empire. In the 13th century, it fell under the rule of the Mongols, and later became part of the Timurid Empire.
In the 19th century, Turkmenistan became a battleground for the Russian and British empires as they sought to expand their influence in Central Asia. It eventually came under Russian control and became a Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924. Turkmenistan gained independence in 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Culture:
Turkmenistan’s culture is a vibrant mix of influences from its nomadic heritage, Persian and Islamic traditions, and Soviet legacy. The Turkmen people are known for their hospitality, and their customs and traditions are deeply rooted in their nomadic way of life. Traditional arts and crafts, such as carpet weaving, jewelry making, and pottery, play an essential role in the country’s cultural identity.
The Turkmen language, belonging to the Turkic family, is the official language of the country. Islam is the predominant religion, and its influence can be seen in Turkmenistan’s architecture, literature, and daily life.
Economy:
Turkmenistan possesses significant natural resources, primarily natural gas. It ranks among the world’s top gas producers and has been actively involved in exporting gas to neighboring countries. Oil, cotton, and agriculture, including wheat and melons, are other important sectors of the economy.
The government has implemented policies to diversify the economy and attract foreign investment. Infrastructure projects, such as the construction of new cities and modern transportation networks, have been prioritized to support economic growth. However, Turkmenistan’s economy faces challenges related to limited diversification, state control over key sectors, and low levels of transparency.
Politics:
Turkmenistan is a presidential republic, with a political system characterized by strong centralization and a dominant executive branch. Since its independence, the country has been ruled by the late President Saparmurat Niyazov, who held power until his death in 2006, and his successor, President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow.
The political landscape in Turkmenistan is tightly controlled, with limited political freedoms and restrictions on civil society. The government’s policies focus on maintaining stability, promoting national unity, and pursuing economic development. However, concerns have been raised regarding human rights, media freedom, and political pluralism in the country.
In recent years, Turkmenistan has sought to engage with the international community, aiming to attract investment and diversify its partnerships beyond traditional regional alliances.
Turkmenistan’s history, culture, economy, and politics intertwine to shape the country’s identity and future trajectory. As the nation continues to evolve, it faces the challenges of balancing economic development, political openness, and the preservation of its unique cultural heritage.
Types of Companies in Turkmenistan
State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs): Turkmenistan has a significant number of state-owned enterprises that operate in various sectors, including energy, telecommunications, transportation, and construction. These companies are directly owned and controlled by the government.
Private Companies: There is a growing presence of private companies in Turkmenistan, particularly in sectors such as retail, manufacturing, services, and agriculture. Private companies are owned and operated by individuals or groups of individuals, and they play a vital role in the country’s economy.
Joint Ventures: Joint ventures are partnerships between domestic and foreign companies. These collaborations allow companies to combine resources, expertise, and technology to pursue business opportunities in Turkmenistan. Joint ventures often exist in sectors such as energy, infrastructure, and manufacturing.
Foreign Companies and Branch Offices: Turkmenistan welcomes foreign companies and allows them to establish branch offices or subsidiaries within the country. These companies often engage in sectors such as oil and gas, construction, telecommunications, and consulting services.
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs): SMEs contribute to the economic growth of Turkmenistan and are present across various sectors. These businesses are characterized by their relatively small size and are involved in activities such as retail, hospitality, food processing, and crafts.
Financial Institutions: Turkmenistan has a banking sector comprising both state-owned and private banks. These financial institutions provide banking services, including loans, savings, and financial transactions.
Energy Companies: Turkmenistan is known for its significant energy resources, particularly natural gas. Thus, numerous energy companies operate in the country, involved in exploration, production, and distribution of oil, gas, and electricity.
Construction and Infrastructure Companies: Given the ongoing infrastructure development projects in Turkmenistan, construction companies play a crucial role in the country’s development. These companies undertake infrastructure projects, including road construction, building projects, and urban development.
Technology and Telecommunications Companies: Technology and telecommunications companies provide services related to telecommunications, internet connectivity, IT solutions, software development, and data management.
Tourism and Hospitality Companies: Turkmenistan’s tourism sector has been growing, and there are companies involved in the development and operation of hotels, travel agencies, tour operators, and other tourism-related services.
Advantages of companies in Turkmenistan
Abundant Natural Resources: Turkmenistan is known for its abundant natural resources, particularly natural gas. The country possesses one of the world’s largest natural gas reserves. Companies operating in the energy sector can benefit from access to these valuable resources and participate in exploration, production, and distribution activities.
Strategic Geographical Location: Turkmenistan is located in a strategic position in Central Asia, offering proximity to major markets in the region, such as Russia, China, Iran, and Afghanistan. This location provides companies with potential opportunities for regional trade, transit, and logistics activities.
Supportive Investment Climate: Turkmenistan has taken steps to attract foreign investment and improve the investment climate. The government has implemented reforms to streamline business procedures, reduce bureaucracy, and provide incentives for foreign investors. This includes tax benefits, customs exemptions, and simplified processes for company registration and licensing.
Growing Consumer Market: Turkmenistan’s population is increasing, and there is a growing consumer market with rising purchasing power. This presents opportunities for companies in various sectors, including retail, consumer goods, and services, to tap into the domestic market and cater to the needs of the population.
Infrastructure Development: Turkmenistan has been investing in infrastructure development, including transportation networks, energy infrastructure, and urban development projects. This presents opportunities for companies involved in construction, engineering, and infrastructure-related industries to participate in large-scale projects.
Government Support for Key Sectors: The government of Turkmenistan places importance on certain sectors, such as energy, transportation, agriculture, and tourism. Companies operating in these sectors may benefit from government support, incentives, and preferential treatment to promote growth and development.
Competitive Labor Costs: Turkmenistan offers competitive labor costs compared to some neighboring countries. This can be advantageous for companies in industries that rely on labor-intensive operations, such as manufacturing and agriculture.
Cultural and Touristic Potential: Turkmenistan has a rich cultural heritage and unique tourist attractions, including historical sites along the Silk Road, ancient cities, and natural landscapes. Companies operating in the tourism and hospitality sector can benefit from the country’s tourism potential and the growing interest in exploring Central Asia.
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Common questions
What is the process for registering a company in Turkmenistan?
The process for registering a company in Turkmenistan involves several steps, including submission of necessary documents, payment of fees, and obtaining approvals from relevant authorities.
What are the types of companies that can be registered in Turkmenistan?
Various types of companies can be registered in Turkmenistan, including limited liability companies, joint-stock companies, and foreign branch offices.
What are the minimum requirements to register a company in Turkmenistan?
The minimum requirements for registering a company in Turkmenistan include a registered office address, minimum share capital (if applicable), and at least one shareholder/director.
What is the minimum share capital required for company registration?
The minimum share capital requirement depends on the type of company being registered. For example, the minimum share capital for a limited liability company is 1,000 manats.
Can a foreigner own a company in Turkmenistan?
Yes, foreign individuals and entities can own a company in Turkmenistan. However, there may be certain restrictions and additional requirements for foreign ownership.
Are there any restrictions on foreign ownership in certain sectors?
Certain sectors in Turkmenistan, such as energy and natural resources, may have restrictions on foreign ownership. It is important to research sector-specific regulations before establishing a company.
Do I need a local partner to register a company in Turkmenistan?
In most cases, a local partner is not required to register a company in Turkmenistan. However, specific regulations may apply depending on the type of business and sector.
What documents are required for company registration in Turkmenistan?
Commonly required documents include the company’s charter, memorandum of association, notarized copies of shareholders’ passports, and proof of payment for registration fees.
Can I use a virtual office address for company registration?
The registered office address must be a physical address in Turkmenistan. The use of a virtual office address may not be permissible for company registration.
Is it necessary to have a local director or manager for company registration?
A local director or manager may not be necessary for company registration, but it can be beneficial to have someone with local knowledge and expertise involved in the management.
Are there any language requirements for company documents?
All official documents submitted for company registration must be in the official language of Turkmenistan, which is Turkmen. Translation of documents may be required.
How long does the company registration process take?
The company registration process in Turkmenistan can vary in duration, but it typically takes several weeks to complete, considering document review, approvals, and registration.
Are there any specific taxes or fees associated with company registration?
Yes, there are fees associated with company registration in Turkmenistan. These fees vary based on the type of company being registered and other factors.
“Our team can provide assistance if you need help registering a company in Turkmenistan”
What is the corporate tax rate in Turkmenistan?
The corporate tax rate in Turkmenistan is currently set at 8 percent for most companies. However, specific tax incentives and rates may apply to certain industries or regions.
Are there any incentives or benefits for registered companies in Turkmenistan?
Turkmenistan offers various incentives and benefits to registered companies, such as tax exemptions, customs duty benefits, and support for investment projects in priority sectors.
Can I register an online/e-commerce company in Turkmenistan?
Yes, it is possible to register an online or e-commerce company in Turkmenistan. However, specific regulations and requirements may apply to online businesses.
Is it necessary to have a local bank account for company registration?
Yes, having a local bank account in Turkmenistan is typically required for company registration. It allows for efficient financial transactions and compliance with local regulations.
Can I register a sole proprietorship in Turkmenistan?
Yes, it is possible to register a sole proprietorship in Turkmenistan. Sole proprietorships are commonly used for small-scale businesses.
Are there any restrictions on company names in Turkmenistan?
Company names should not be misleading, offensive, or similar to existing company names in Turkmenistan. Approval of the company name is subject to review by the registration authorities.
Can I change the company name after registration?
Yes, it is possible to change the company name after registration. The process and requirements for changing the company name may vary.
Do I need to register for value-added tax (VAT) upon company registration?
Depending on the nature of your business activities, you may be required to register for VAT in Turkmenistan. It is advisable to consult with tax authorities to determine the specific requirements.
Are there any specific requirements for companies in regulated sectors?
Regulated sectors, such as banking, insurance, and telecommunications, may have additional licensing and compliance requirements. It is important to research and fulfill sector-specific obligations.
Can I register a non-profit organization in Turkmenistan?
Yes, it is possible to register a non-profit organization (NGO) in Turkmenistan. Specific regulations and requirements apply to NGOs, including the need to meet certain criteria for non-profit activities.
Can I register a branch office of a foreign company in Turkmenistan?
Yes, it is possible to register a branch office of a foreign company in Turkmenistan. This requires compliance with specific regulations and submission of relevant documentation.
Is it mandatory to have an audit of company accounts?
Companies in Turkmenistan are generally required to undergo an annual audit. This ensures compliance with accounting and reporting standards.
What is the procedure for annual renewal of company registration?
The procedure for annual renewal of company registration involves the submission of necessary documents, payment of fees, and compliance with reporting obligations.
Can I register a company with multiple shareholders in Turkmenistan?
Yes, it is possible to register a company with multiple shareholders in Turkmenistan. The shareholders’ rights and responsibilities are typically outlined in the company’s charter.
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What is the role of the State Tax Service in the company registration process?
The State Tax Service plays a crucial role in the company registration process, including the issuance of taxpayer identification numbers and the review of tax-related documents.
Are there any restrictions on company activities in Turkmenistan?
Certain activities, such as those related to national security or public interest, may be subject to restrictions or specific permits in Turkmenistan. It is important to research sector-specific regulations.
Can I register a company with foreign shareholders only?
Yes, it is possible to register a company with foreign shareholders only in Turkmenistan. However, specific regulations and requirements may apply to foreign ownership.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaging in export/import activities?
Companies engaging in export/import activities in Turkmenistan must comply with customs regulations and licensing requirements related to international trade.
Can I transfer shares of a registered company to another shareholder?
Yes, shares of a registered company can be transferred to another shareholder. The transfer process usually requires the approval of existing shareholders and compliance with legal requirements.
What is the role of the Ministry of Economy and Development in the company registration process?
The Ministry of Economy and Development is responsible for promoting economic development and overseeing business-related activities in Turkmenistan. It may play a role in the company registration process.
Can I register a company with foreign currency as the share capital?
Yes, it is possible to register a company with foreign currency as the share capital. The exchange rate will be determined based on the official rates of the Central Bank of Turkmenistan.
Are there any restrictions on company registration for individuals under the age of 18?
Individuals under the age of 18 may face restrictions on company registration in Turkmenistan. Legal capacity and requirements vary for different types of companies.
Is it necessary to have a local lawyer or consultant for company registration?
While it is not mandatory to have a local lawyer or consultant for company registration, their expertise can be valuable in navigating local regulations and ensuring compliance.
Can I register a company with a foreign company name in Turkmenistan?
Company names should generally be in the official language of Turkmenistan. Using a foreign company name may require additional documentation or translation.
What is the procedure for opening a representative office of a foreign company in Turkmenistan?
Opening a representative office of a foreign company involves specific procedures, including obtaining permission from relevant authorities and submission of required documents.
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Can I register a company without physical presence in Turkmenistan?
Physical presence in Turkmenistan is typically required for company registration. However, certain business activities may allow for remote operations, subject to specific regulations.
Are there any specific regulations for companies in the agricultural sector?
Companies in the agricultural sector may be subject to specific regulations, such as land use restrictions, licensing requirements, and compliance with agricultural practices.
Can I register a company with multiple business activities?
Yes, it is possible to register a company with multiple business activities in Turkmenistan. The company’s charter should clearly outline the authorized activities.
Are there any restrictions on foreign employees in registered companies?
Foreign employees working in registered companies in Turkmenistan may be subject to work permit requirements and regulations. It is important to comply with immigration and labor laws.
Can I register a company with a foreign national as the director?
Yes, it is possible to register a company with a foreign national as the director in Turkmenistan. Additional requirements may apply, such as obtaining a work permit.
Is it necessary to have a local bank reference for company registration?
Having a local bank reference may be required as part of the company registration process. It helps establish financial credibility and legitimacy.
Can I register a company with the participation of the Ministry of Finance or other government entities?
The participation of the Ministry of Finance or other government entities in company registration depends on the specific circumstances and type of company being registered.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaged in construction activities?
Companies engaged in construction activities in Turkmenistan may need to fulfill additional requirements, such as licensing, certification, and compliance with construction standards.
Can I register a company with foreign currency bank accounts?
Yes, it is possible to have foreign currency bank accounts for registered companies in Turkmenistan. Banks in Turkmenistan provide services for various currencies.
Are there any restrictions on company registration for individuals with criminal records?
Individuals with criminal records may face restrictions on company registration in Turkmenistan. It is advisable to consult with legal professionals for guidance.
Can I register a company with a foreign national as the sole shareholder?
Yes, it is possible to register a company with a foreign national as the sole shareholder in Turkmenistan. Additional requirements and regulations may apply.
“Our team can provide assistance if you need help registering a company in Turkmenistan”
What is the procedure for company registration if I am a foreign national residing outside of Turkmenistan?
The procedure for company registration as a foreign national residing outside of Turkmenistan may require additional documentation, legal representation, and coordination with relevant authorities.
Can I register a company with a foreign national as the company secretary?
Yes, it is possible to register a company with a foreign national as the company secretary in Turkmenistan. Compliance with relevant regulations is necessary.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaging in research and development activities?
Companies engaging in research and development activities in Turkmenistan may need to fulfill specific requirements, such as obtaining permits and compliance with intellectual property laws.
Can I register a company with a foreign national as the chairman of the board?
Yes, it is possible to register a company with a foreign national as the chairman of the board in Turkmenistan. Additional requirements and regulations may apply.
Are there any restrictions on company registration for individuals from certain countries?
Restrictions on company registration for individuals from certain countries may exist based on bilateral agreements, political considerations, or international sanctions.
Can I register a company with a foreign national as the company auditor?
Yes, it is possible to register a company with a foreign national as the company auditor in Turkmenistan. Compliance with auditing and accounting standards is necessary.
Can I register a company with a foreign national as the company legal representative?
Yes, it is possible to register a company with a foreign national as the company’s legal representative in Turkmenistan. Compliance with relevant regulations and qualifications may apply.
Are there any restrictions on company registration for individuals with health conditions?
Individuals with certain health conditions may not face specific restrictions on company registration in Turkmenistan, unless the condition directly impacts their ability to fulfill legal requirements.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in bankruptcy proceedings?
Involvement in previous bankruptcy proceedings may affect company registration in Turkmenistan. It is advisable to consult with legal professionals for guidance.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaged in oil and gas exploration activities?
Companies engaged in oil and gas exploration activities in Turkmenistan must comply with specific regulations and requirements related to the sector.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in company liquidation?
Previous involvement in company liquidation may impact company registration in Turkmenistan. Relevant disclosures and legal requirements should be fulfilled.
Is it necessary to have a local representative or agent for company registration?
Having a local representative or agent may be required for specific activities or sectors in Turkmenistan. It is advisable to consult with legal professionals for guidance.
Can I register a company with a foreign national as the company treasurer?
Yes, it is possible to register a company with a foreign national as the company treasurer in Turkmenistan. Compliance with relevant regulations and qualifications may apply.
Are there any restrictions on company registration for individuals without a permanent address in Turkmenistan?
Having a permanent address in Turkmenistan is typically required for company registration. It establishes the company’s presence and facilitates communication.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in legal disputes?
Previous involvement in legal disputes may affect company registration in Turkmenistan. It is advisable to consult with legal professionals for guidance.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaged in manufacturing activities?
Companies engaged in manufacturing activities in Turkmenistan may need to fulfill specific regulations, such as obtaining permits, compliance with product standards, and environmental requirements.
“Our team can provide assistance if you need help registering a company in Turkmenistan”
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in tax evasion?
Previous involvement in tax evasion may have implications for company registration in Turkmenistan. It is important to fulfill tax obligations and comply with regulations.
Can I register a company with a foreign national as the company’s authorized representative?
Yes, it is possible to register a company with a foreign national as the authorized representative in Turkmenistan. Compliance with relevant regulations and qualifications may apply.
Are there any restrictions on company registration for individuals without a valid passport?
Having a valid passport is typically required for company registration in Turkmenistan, especially for foreign nationals. It establishes identity and legal status.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in money laundering activities?
Previous involvement in money laundering activities may have serious consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with anti-money laundering regulations is crucial.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaged in tourism and hospitality activities?
Companies engaged in tourism and hospitality activities in Turkmenistan must comply with specific regulations related to the sector, such as licensing, safety, and customer protection requirements.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in fraud or embezzlement?
Previous involvement in fraud or embezzlement may have legal implications for company registration in Turkmenistan. It is advisable to consult with legal professionals for guidance.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in money lending activities?
Previous involvement in money lending activities may have specific regulations and licensing requirements for company registration in Turkmenistan.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaged in telecommunications activities?
Companies engaged in telecommunications activities in Turkmenistan must comply with specific regulations and licensing requirements related to the sector.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in illegal drug-related activities?
Previous involvement in illegal drug-related activities may have serious legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with drug-related regulations is essential.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in environmental violations?
Previous involvement in environmental violations may have implications for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with environmental regulations is crucial.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in intellectual property infringements?
Previous involvement in intellectual property infringements may have legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. It is important to respect intellectual property rights.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaged in construction material production activities?
Companies engaged in construction material production activities in Turkmenistan must comply with specific regulations related to the sector, such as licensing and quality control requirements.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in labor law violations?
Previous involvement in labor law violations may have implications for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with labor laws and regulations is essential.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in tax fraud?
Previous involvement in tax fraud may have serious legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with tax regulations is crucial.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaged in renewable energy activities?
Companies engaged in renewable energy activities in Turkmenistan must comply with specific regulations and requirements related to the sector, such as licensing and environmental standards.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in illegal gambling activities?
Previous involvement in illegal gambling activities may have legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with gambling regulations is essential.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in human rights violations?
Previous involvement in human rights violations may have serious legal and reputational consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with human rights standards is crucial.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaged in food production activities?
Companies engaged in food production activities in Turkmenistan must comply with specific regulations and requirements related to the sector, such as food safety and hygiene standards.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in counterfeit goods trade?
Previous involvement in counterfeit goods trade may have legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with intellectual property rights is essential.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in cybercrime activities?
Previous involvement in cybercrime activities may have serious legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with cybersecurity regulations is crucial.
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Are there any specific regulations for companies engaged in pharmaceutical activities?
Companies engaged in pharmaceutical activities in Turkmenistan must comply with specific regulations and requirements related to the sector, such as licensing and quality control standards.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in illegal arms trade?
Previous involvement in illegal arms trade may have severe legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with arms trade regulations is crucial.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in human trafficking activities?
Previous involvement in human trafficking activities may have serious legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with anti-human trafficking regulations is essential.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaged in mining activities?
Companies engaged in mining activities in Turkmenistan must comply with specific regulations and requirements related to the sector, such as licensing and environmental impact assessments.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in child labor violations?
Previous involvement in child labor violations may have legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with child labor laws and regulations is crucial.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in money counterfeiting?
Previous involvement in money counterfeiting may have serious legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with currency and monetary regulations is essential.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaged in educational activities?
Companies engaged in educational activities in Turkmenistan must comply with specific regulations and requirements related to the sector, such as licensing and curriculum standards.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in corruption or bribery?
Previous involvement in corruption or bribery may have legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with anti-corruption regulations is essential.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in terrorism-related activities?
Previous involvement in terrorism-related activities may have serious legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with counter-terrorism regulations is crucial.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaged in media and broadcasting activities?
Companies engaged in media and broadcasting activities in Turkmenistan must comply with specific regulations and requirements related to the sector, such as licensing and content regulations.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in tax evasion on an international scale?
Previous involvement in international tax evasion may have severe legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with international tax regulations is essential.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in illegal logging activities?
Previous involvement in illegal logging activities may have serious legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with forestry and environmental regulations is crucial.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in human organ trafficking?
Previous involvement in human organ trafficking may have severe legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with human trafficking and organ transplantation regulations is essential.
Are there any specific regulations for companies engaged in cultural and artistic activities?
Companies engaged in cultural and artistic activities in Turkmenistan must comply with specific regulations and requirements related to the sector, such as licensing and preservation of cultural heritage.
Can I register a company if I have previously been involved in money laundering of illicit funds?
Previous involvement in money laundering of illicit funds may have serious legal consequences for company registration in Turkmenistan. Compliance with anti-money laundering regulations is crucial.
Major Banks in Turkmenistan
Türkmenbaşy Bank: Türkmenbaşy Bank is one of the largest state-owned banks in Turkmenistan. It offers a wide range of banking services, including corporate and retail banking, loans, deposits, foreign exchange operations, and international transactions. Website: www.tbbank.gov.tm
Rysgal Bank: Rysgal Bank is another state-owned bank in Turkmenistan. It provides various banking services, such as loans, deposits, international payments, and electronic banking solutions. Website: www.rysgalbank.gov.tm
Dayhan Bank: Dayhan Bank is a leading commercial bank in Turkmenistan. It offers a comprehensive range of financial services, including corporate banking, retail banking, electronic banking, and treasury operations. Website: www.dayhanbank.com.tm
Halkbank: Halkbank is a state-owned bank in Turkmenistan that focuses on providing banking services to the general public. It offers retail banking products, loans, deposits, and money transfer services. Website: www.halkbank.gov.tm
Senagat Bank: Senagat Bank is a commercial bank in Turkmenistan that provides a wide range of banking services to individuals and businesses. It offers corporate banking, trade finance, electronic banking, and foreign exchange operations. Website: www.senagatbank.gov.tm
Vnesheconombank (VEB): VEB is a Russian state-owned development bank with a presence in Turkmenistan. It provides financing and investment services to support various sectors of the economy, including energy, infrastructure, and industrial projects. Website: www.veb.ru
Da Afghanistan Bank (DAB): DAB is the central bank of Afghanistan, but it also operates a branch in Turkmenistan. It facilitates banking operations between the two countries and provides financial services to promote trade and economic cooperation. Website: www.centralbank.gov.af
The top universities in Turkmenistan
Magtymguly Turkmen State University
Website: http://www.tmcons.ru/
Location: Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Major Courses: Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Engineering, Medicine
Turkmen Agricultural University
Website: N/A
Location: Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Major Courses: Agricultural Sciences, Veterinary Medicine, Food Technology
Turkmen State Institute of Economics and Management
Website: N/A
Location: Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Major Courses: Economics, Management, Business Administration
Turkmen State Medical University
Website: N/A
Location: Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Major Courses: Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy
Turkmen State Institute of Architecture and Construction
Website: N/A
Location: Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Major Courses: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Construction Management
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Strange or unusual to visitors in Turkmenistan
Monumental Statues and Architecture: Turkmenistan is known for its extravagant and grandiose monuments and architecture, particularly in the capital city of Ashgabat. The city boasts numerous gold-plated statues and marble buildings, creating a unique and visually striking environment that may seem unusual to some visitors.
Ruhnama: Ruhnama is a book written by the former President of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov, which is considered a spiritual and ideological guide for the nation. It is highly revered, and you may encounter instances where the book is prominently displayed or even required reading in various settings.
Strict Government Control: Turkmenistan has a highly centralized government with strict control over media, information flow, and public activities. This may seem unusual to visitors accustomed to more open and liberal societies, as there are restrictions on freedom of speech and expression.
Horse Culture: Horses hold a special place in Turkmen culture, and you may witness a strong emphasis on equestrian traditions. Horse racing events, traditional horse games, and the Akhal-Teke breed of horses, known for their beauty and endurance, are all part of the country’s heritage.
Marble City: Ashgabat, the capital city, is famously referred to as the “Marble City” due to its abundant use of white marble in its buildings and monuments. The city’s streets, parks, and even bus stops are often adorned with marble, creating a visually distinct and somewhat surreal atmosphere.
The Importance of Hospitality: Turkmen people are known for their warm hospitality and generosity towards guests. It is not uncommon for strangers to invite visitors into their homes for tea or meals. This level of hospitality may be unexpected or unusual for some visitors, but it reflects the cultural values of the country.
“Tips for Newcomers: Adjusting to Life in Turkmenistan”
Learn the Language: While Turkmenistan has a diverse population, the official language is Turkmen. It’s beneficial to learn some basic phrases and expressions to communicate with locals and navigate daily life more easily.
Understand the Culture: Familiarize yourself with Turkmen customs, traditions, and social etiquette. Respect for elders, hospitality, and conservative dress codes are important aspects of the culture. Take the time to learn and appreciate these cultural nuances.
Make Local Connections: Building relationships with locals can greatly enhance your experience in Turkmenistan. Join social clubs, attend community events, or participate in language exchange programs to meet people and make connections.
Embrace the Cuisine: Turkmen cuisine offers a variety of flavorful dishes. Be open to trying local dishes such as plov (rice pilaf), manty (steamed dumplings), and shashlik (grilled skewered meat). Exploring the local cuisine can be a delicious adventure.
Respect Religious Practices: Turkmenistan is a predominantly Muslim country, and Islamic customs and practices are important to many people. Be respectful of religious traditions, dress modestly when visiting religious sites, and be mindful of prayer times and Ramadan observances.
Understand the Laws and Regulations: Familiarize yourself with the local laws and regulations to avoid any legal issues. It’s important to comply with the rules concerning visas, permits, and other legal requirements.
Get to Know the Neighborhood: Take the time to explore your new neighborhood and nearby amenities. Locate grocery stores, pharmacies, hospitals, and other essential services. Familiarize yourself with public transportation options or consider getting a driver’s license if necessary.
Stay Informed: Keep up-to-date with local news, events, and cultural activities. This will help you integrate into the community and take advantage of opportunities to engage with the local culture.
Stay Safe: Just like in any new place, it’s important to prioritize your safety. Familiarize yourself with emergency contact numbers and be aware of your surroundings. Take necessary precautions to safeguard your personal belongings and follow any security guidelines provided by local authorities.
Have an Open Mind: Embrace the new experiences and challenges that come with living in a different country. Keep an open mind, be patient with yourself and others, and maintain a positive attitude as you navigate your new life in Turkmenistan.
Top recruitment agencies in Turkmenistan
E&K Personnel Agency
Website: N/A
Contact: +993 12 45 18 17, +993 65 28 80 30
Alp Arslan
Website: N/A
Contact: +993 12 22 57 29, +993 12 22 42 49
AZ Business Solutions
Website: N/A
Contact: +993 12 44 30 30
Stil Kadri
Website: N/A
Contact: +993 12 47 33 92, +993 63 56 24 42
HR Plus Turkmenistan
Website: N/A
Contact: +993 65 60 32 32, +993 12 45 13 22
Necessary phone numbers in Turkmenistan
Emergency Services:
Ambulance: 03
Fire Department: 01
Police: 02
Turkmenistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs:
Main Reception: +993 12 44 90 10
Turkmenistan Ministry of Internal Affairs (Police):
Main Reception: +993 12 38 91 19
Ashgabat International Airport:
General Information: +993 12 35 07 22
Turkmenistan National Tourist Zone “Avaza”:
Information Center: +993 12 36 48 01
Turkmenistan Railway:
Main Information: +993 12 43 14 97
Turkmenistan Airlines:
General Inquiries: +993 12 45 35 71
Turkmenistan Telecom:
Customer Service: 119
The best way to immigrate to Turkmenistan
Determine Your Eligibility: Research and understand the various immigration options available in Turkmenistan. These may include employment-based immigration, family reunification, investment-based immigration, or special programs. Ensure that you meet the eligibility criteria for the chosen immigration category.
Seek Professional Advice: It is advisable to consult with an immigration lawyer or seek guidance from the Turkmenistan embassy or consulate in your home country. They can provide you with accurate and up-to-date information regarding the immigration processes, requirements, and documentation needed.
Obtain Necessary Documentation: Depending on the immigration category you fall under, you will need to gather the required documentation. This may include a valid passport, visa application forms, medical examinations, police clearance certificates, proof of financial resources, and other supporting documents as specified by the immigration authorities.
Submit Application: Once you have collected all the required documents, submit your immigration application to the relevant Turkmenistan government agency or consulate. Ensure that you follow the application procedures and pay any applicable fees.
Wait for Processing: The processing time for immigration applications in Turkmenistan can vary, and it may take several weeks or months for your application to be reviewed and processed. Be prepared for possible delays and maintain regular contact with the immigration authorities or your legal representative for updates on your application status.
Obtain Required Visas and Permits: If your immigration application is approved, you will receive the necessary visa or residence permit. Follow the instructions provided by the immigration authorities to complete the visa issuance process.
Plan Your Arrival and Settlement: Once you have received your visa or residence permit, make arrangements for your travel to Turkmenistan. Plan for accommodation, healthcare, education (if applicable), and other essential aspects of settling into your new life in the country.
