Types of companies in France 

 

1. Sole Proprietorship (Entreprise Individuelle): This is the simplest and most common form of business registration in France. It is owned and managed by a single person who is responsible for all the company’s debts and obligations. The sole proprietorship does not have a legal personality and the owner’s assets are not separated from the company’s assets. This type of registration is suitable for small businesses, freelancers, and artisans.

2. Partnership (Société en Nom Collectif): A partnership is owned and managed by two or more individuals who share the profits and losses of the company. Each partner has unlimited liability for the company’s debts and obligations. This type of registration is suitable for small businesses with a limited number of partners.

3. Limited Liability Company (Société à Responsabilité Limitée): A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a separate legal entity from its shareholders. The shareholders have limited liability for the company’s debts and obligations, and their personal assets are not at risk. This type of registration is suitable for small to medium-sized businesses.

4. Simplified Joint-Stock Company (Société par Actions Simplifiée): A Simplified Joint-Stock Company (SAS) is a flexible and popular form of company registration in France. It combines features of both the partnership and the Limited Liability Company. The shareholders have limited liability, and the management structure is flexible. This type of registration is suitable for medium to large-sized businesses.

5. Public Limited Company (Société Anonyme): A Public Limited Company (PLC) is a large company that is listed on the stock exchange. It has a separate legal personality and shareholders have limited liability for the company’s debts and obligations. This type of registration is suitable for large companies with many shareholders.

In addition to these main types of company registration, there are other types of registration, such as European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) and Economic Interest Grouping (EIG), which are used for specific purposes such as joint ventures and partnerships between companies.

 

Advantages of company registration in France

 

Strategic location: France is located in the heart of Europe and has excellent transport links, making it a gateway to the rest of the continent. This strategic location makes it easy for businesses to access markets in other European countries.

Stable economy: France has a stable and developed economy, which makes it an attractive destination for investment. It is the second-largest economy in the European Union and has a diversified economy with strong sectors in aerospace, automotive, and pharmaceuticals.

Skilled workforce: France has a highly skilled and educated workforce, with a strong emphasis on science and engineering. The country has a well-developed education system that produces a large number of graduates in STEM fields.

Favorable tax regime: France has a relatively low corporate tax rate compared to other European countries. The standard corporate tax rate is 28%, which is lower than the average in the European Union.

Business-friendly environment: France has implemented several reforms to make it easier to do business in the country. The government has simplified administrative procedures, reduced red tape, and introduced tax incentives for businesses.

Access to funding: France has a well-developed financial system that provides access to funding for businesses. The country has a large number of banks, venture capital firms, and private equity funds that invest in promising businesses.

High-quality infrastructure: France has a high-quality infrastructure, including modern transportation networks, advanced telecommunications systems, and world-class research facilities. This infrastructure supports business operations and encourages innovation.

“Our team can provide assistance if you need help registering a company in France.”

 

Common questions

 

What types of companies can be registered in France?
In France, the most common types of companies that can be registered include Sole Proprietorship, Simplified Joint-Stock Company (SAS), Limited Liability Company (SARL), Public Limited Company (SA), and Partnership (SNC).

What are the legal requirements for registering a company in France?
The legal requirements for registering a company in France include choosing a company name, defining the company’s legal structure, registering with the Commercial Court, obtaining a business license, and opening a bank account.

What is the process of registering a company in France?
The process of registering a company in France involves several steps including selecting a business structure, registering the company name, filing the incorporation documents with the Commercial Court, obtaining a business license, and opening a bank account.

Can non-residents of France register a company in the country?
Yes, non-residents of France can register a company in the country, but they will need to appoint a representative who resides in France to act on their behalf during the registration process.

What is the minimum number of shareholders required for company registration in France?
The minimum number of shareholders required for company registration in France varies depending on the type of company being registered. For example, a Public Limited Company (SA) requires at least seven shareholders, while a Limited Liability Company (SARL) requires at least one.

What is the minimum amount of share capital required for a company registration in France?
The minimum amount of share capital required for company registration in France also varies depending on the type of company being registered. For example, a Public Limited Company (SA) requires a minimum of €37,000, while a Limited Liability Company (SARL) requires a minimum of €1.

What is the role of a notary in the company registration process in France?
A notary plays an important role in the company registration process in France by verifying the authenticity of the company’s incorporation documents and by overseeing the signing of the company’s articles of association.

What documents are required for company registration in France?
The documents required for company registration in France include the company’s articles of association, the company’s incorporation documents, a certificate of deposit for the company’s share capital, and identification documents for the company’s founders and shareholders.

How long does it take to register a company in France?
The time it takes to register a company in France varies depending on the type of company being registered, but it typically takes between two and six weeks.

What is the cost of registering a company in France?
The cost of registering a company in France varies depending on the type of company being registered and the legal fees associated with the registration process. However, it generally ranges from €300 to €1,500.

Is it necessary to have a physical office in France to register a company?
No, it is not necessary to have a physical office in France to register a company. However, the company must have a registered address in France.

What is the corporate tax rate in France?
The corporate tax rate in France is 26.5%.

Are there any tax incentives for companies registered in France?
Yes, there are several tax incentives for companies registered in France, including tax credits for research and development, reduced tax rates for small and medium-sized enterprises, and tax exemptions for certain types of investments.

What is the VAT rate in France?
The standard VAT rate in France is 20%.

Are there any exemptions from VAT in France?
Yes, there are several exemptions from VAT in France, including certain medical services, educational services, and financial transactions.

What is the social security contribution rate for employees in France?
The social security contribution rate for employees in France is around 22% of their gross salary.

What are the labor laws in France?
The labor laws in France are regulated by the Labor Code, which outlines the rights and obligations of employers and employees. These laws cover areas such as minimum wage, working hours, overtime, leave entitlements, and termination procedures.

What is the minimum wage in France?
The minimum wage in France is €10.25 per hour as of January 1, 2022. This applies to all employees over the age of 18, including part-time workers and temporary employees.

What are the working hours in France?
The standard working week in France is 35 hours, although some sectors may have different rules. Employees cannot work more than 48 hours per week on average, including overtime.

What is the procedure for hiring employees in France?
The procedure for hiring employees in France involves several steps, including obtaining a social security number, providing a written employment contract, and registering the employee with the French authorities. Employers are also required to provide certain benefits, such as health insurance and pension contributions.

What is the procedure for terminating employees in France?
The procedure for terminating employees in France varies depending on the circumstances, but generally involves providing written notice, conducting a meeting with the employee, and following specific procedures outlined in the Labor Code. Employers may also be required to pay severance to the employee.

What are the rules for employing foreign nationals in France?
Employers must follow specific rules when employing foreign nationals in France, including obtaining a work permit and ensuring that the employee has the necessary visas and permits to work in the country. There are also specific requirements for certain industries, such as healthcare.

What is the procedure for obtaining a work permit in France?
The procedure for obtaining a work permit in France depends on the type of permit required and the employee’s nationality. In general, employers must submit an application on behalf of the employee and provide certain documentation, such as a contract of employment.

What is the procedure for obtaining a residence permit in France?
The procedure for obtaining a residence permit in France also depends on the employee’s nationality and the reason for the permit. In general, employees must provide certain documentation and meet specific criteria, such as having a job offer or sufficient financial resources.

What is the procedure for registering a trademark in France?
The procedure for registering a trademark in France involves filing an application with the French National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). Applicants must provide certain information and pay a fee.

What is the procedure for registering a patent in France?
The procedure for registering a patent in France involves filing an application with the French National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). The application must include a detailed description of the invention and meet specific criteria for patentability.

What is the procedure for registering a design in France?
The procedure for registering a design in France involves filing an application with the French National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). Applicants must provide certain information and pay a fee.

What is the procedure for registering a domain name in France?
Answer: The procedure for registering a domain name in France involves selecting a registrar and providing certain information, such as contact details and payment information. The registrar will then process the registration.

What is the procedure for opening a bank account for a company in France?
The procedure for opening a bank account for a company in France involves providing certain documentation, such as proof of identity and proof of address, as well as information about the company’s activities and ownership structure.

What are the options for financing a company in France?
The options for financing a company in France include bank loans, venture capital, crowdfunding, and government grants. Companies may also consider alternative financing options, such as factoring or leasing.

What is the procedure for obtaining a loan from a bank in France?
The procedure for obtaining a loan from a bank in France typically involves submitting a loan application along with supporting documents such as financial statements, business plans, and collateral. The bank will evaluate the creditworthiness of the borrower and the viability of the project before deciding whether to approve the loan.

What is the procedure for obtaining venture capital in France?
The procedure for obtaining venture capital in France involves seeking out venture capital firms or investors who are interested in investing in startups or early-stage companies. The process typically involves pitching the business idea, providing financial projections, and negotiating investment terms such as the amount of equity stake and the return on investment.

What is the procedure for obtaining crowdfunding in France?
The procedure for obtaining crowdfunding in France involves creating a crowdfunding campaign on a crowdfunding platform and promoting it to potential investors. The campaign typically includes a description of the project or business, the amount of funding required, and the rewards or benefits offered to investors.

What is the procedure for obtaining angel investment in France?
The procedure for obtaining angel investment in France involves seeking out individual angel investors or angel investor networks who are interested in investing in startups or early-stage companies. The process typically involves pitching the business idea, providing financial projections, and negotiating investment terms such as the amount of equity stake and the return on investment.

What are the rules for accounting and financial reporting in France?
Companies in France are required to follow the French Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) for financial reporting. The rules require companies to prepare financial statements that comply with specific formats and disclosures. Large companies are also required to have their financial statements audited by an independent auditor.

What is the deadline for submitting financial statements in France?
The deadline for submitting financial statements in France depends on the type and size of the company. For example, large companies are required to submit their financial statements within 4 months after the end of the financial year, while small companies have up to 6 months.

What are the penalties for late submission of financial statements in France?
The penalties for late submission of financial statements in France can include fines and legal action. The amount of the penalty depends on the severity and duration of the delay.

What is the procedure for auditing financial statements in France?
The procedure for auditing financial statements in France involves engaging an independent auditor who examines the financial statements of the company and expresses an opinion on whether they are prepared in accordance with the French GAAP and presents a true and fair view of the company’s financial position.

What is the role of the French Chamber of Commerce in company registration?
The French Chamber of Commerce plays a role in company registration by providing information and support to companies seeking to do business in France. They can provide guidance on the legal and administrative requirements for setting up a business, as well as networking opportunities and business support services.

What is the role of the French Tax Authority in company registration?
The French Tax Authority plays a role in company registration by registering new businesses for tax purposes and providing information on tax obligations and requirements. They also monitor compliance with tax laws and regulations and can impose penalties for non-compliance.

What is the role of the French Trade Register in company registration?
The French Trade Register plays a role in company registration by maintaining a public record of all businesses registered in France. This includes information on the company’s legal structure, ownership, and activities.

What is the role of the French Patent Office in company registration?
The French Patent Office plays a role in company registration by providing protection for intellectual property rights through the registration of patents, trademarks, and designs. This can help businesses to protect their innovations and prevent others from using or copying their ideas.

What is the role of the French Trademark Office in company registration?
The role of the French Trademark Office, also known as the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), is to register and protect trademarks and patents. Companies can register their trademarks with the INPI to prevent others from using similar marks.

What is the role of the French Design Office in company registration?
The role of the French Design Office, also known as the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), is to register and protect industrial designs. Companies can register their designs with the INPI to prevent others from using similar designs.

What is the role of the French Central Bank in company registration?
The role of the French Central Bank, also known as the Banque de France, is to regulate the country’s financial system and ensure price stability. It also supervises and oversees banks and financial institutions operating in France.

What is the role of the French Financial Markets Authority in company registration?
The role of the French Financial Markets Authority, also known as the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), is to regulate and supervise financial markets in France. This includes ensuring that companies comply with financial regulations and protecting investors.

What is the role of the French Data Protection Authority in company registration?
The role of the French Data Protection Authority, also known as the Commission Nationale de l’informatique et des libertés (CNIL), is to protect personal data and privacy. Companies that collect and process personal data must comply with the CNIL’s regulations and obtain authorization from the CNIL before doing so.

What is the role of the French Consumer and Market Authority in company registration?
The role of the French Consumer and Market Authority, also known as the Autorité de la Concurrence, is to promote competition and protect consumers. It monitors and investigates anti-competitive practices and enforces competition laws in France.

What is the procedure for registering for social security in France?
To register for social security in France, individuals must complete an application form and provide supporting documents such as proof of identity, residency, and employment. Once registered, they will be entitled to healthcare and social benefits.

What is the procedure for registering for health insurance in France?
To register for health insurance in France, individuals must first register for social security. They can then choose a health insurance provider and sign up for a plan that meets their needs.

What are the requirements for opening a business bank account in France?
The requirements for opening a business bank account in France may vary depending on the bank but typically include providing proof of identity, proof of address, and proof of business registration. Some banks may also require additional documents such as financial statements or a business plan.

Can a foreigner open a business bank account in France?
Yes, foreigners can open a business bank account in France. They will need to provide the same documents required of French citizens, as well as proof of their legal status in France, such as a visa or residency permit.

What is the procedure for obtaining a business license in France?
The procedure for obtaining a business license in France may vary depending on the type of business and location. Generally, it involves registering the business with the relevant authorities and obtaining any necessary permits or certifications. In some cases, a business may need to be registered with multiple authorities.

What is the procedure for obtaining a construction permit in France?
The procedure for obtaining a construction permit in France may vary depending on the location and scope of the project. Generally, it involves obtaining approval from the local authorities and complying with building codes and regulations. This may require submitting plans and documents for review and inspection.

 

Documents required to register a company

 

The documents required to register a company in France may vary depending on the type of company registration and the specific circumstances of the business. However, here are some of the common documents that are typically required:

1. Articles of Association: This document outlines the purpose, structure, and regulations of the company.

2. Identification Documents: The identity documents of the company directors and shareholders are required, such as passports or ID cards.

3. Proof of Address: Documents such as utility bills, lease agreements or bank statements that verify the registered address of the company.

4. Shareholders’ agreement: This document defines the rights and obligations of the company shareholders.

5. Bank Statement: This document confirms the deposit of the share capital amount into a bank account.

6. Declaration of Non-Conviction: This document certifies that the company directors have no criminal convictions.

7. Proof of Ownership: This document proves that the company has legal ownership of any assets or intellectual property.

8. Power of Attorney: If a legal representative or agent is handling the registration process on behalf of the company, a power of attorney document may be required.

9. Business Plan: A comprehensive business plan outlining the business strategy, market analysis, and financial projections is recommended, although not always required.

10. Registration Fee: The registration fee varies depending on the type of company and the specific registration requirements.

It is recommended to seek professional legal advice to ensure that all necessary documents are obtained and that they comply with French legal requirements.

 

Type of Banks in France

 

1. Commercial banks: These are the most common type of banks in France and provide a wide range of services to both individuals and businesses. They offer current and savings accounts, credit cards, loans, mortgages, and investment products.

   • BNP Paribas
   • Société Générale
   • Crédit Agricole
   • Crédit Mutuel

2. Investment banks: Investment banks in France provide services such as corporate finance, underwriting, mergers and acquisitions, and securities trading. They primarily serve large corporations, institutional investors, and high net worth individuals.

   • BNP Paribas Corporate and Investment Banking
   • Société Générale Corporate and Investment Banking
   • Natixis
   • Rothschild & Co

3. Cooperative banks: Cooperative banks are owned and controlled by their customers or members, who have a say in the bank’s decision-making process. They offer a range of banking services, including savings accounts, loans, and insurance.

   • Crédit Mutuel
   • Banque Populaire
   • Crédit Agricole
   • Caisse d’Epargne

4. Online banks: Online banks in France operate solely through digital channels and do not have physical branches. They offer a range of services such as savings accounts, payment services, credit cards, and loans.

   • Boursorama Banque
   • Hello bank!
   • Fortuneo
   • ING Direct

5. Foreign banks: Many foreign banks have operations in France, providing services to both domestic and international customers. These banks may have a specific focus on certain regions or sectors and may offer specialized services such as trade finance. 

   • HSBC France
   • Deutsche Bank France
   • Barclays France
   • Citibank France

6. Regional banks: Regional banks in France serve a specific region or locality and offer banking services such as current and savings accounts, loans, and mortgages. They often have a strong relationship with the local community and businesses.

   • Banque Rhône-Alpes
   • Banque Courtois
   • Banque Chaix
   • Banque Dupuy de Parseval

7. Postal banks: The French postal service, La Poste, also offers banking services through its subsidiary La Banque Postale. They provide services such as current and savings accounts, loans, and insurance products.

   • La Banque Postale
   • Postal Bank of the French Overseas Territories (BPETO)
   • Postal Bank of New Caledonia (BPC)

“Our team can provide assistance if you need to open a bank account in France”

 

The top universities in France

 

1. Sorbonne University – Paris: Sorbonne University is a public research university located in Paris, France. It is ranked 35th in the world by the QS World University Rankings and is a member of the League of European Research Universities.

2. École Normale Supérieure de Lyon – Lyon: École Normale Supérieure de Lyon is a public research university located in Lyon, France. It is ranked 87th in the world by the QS World University Rankings and is one of the most selective grandes écoles in France.

3. Université Paris Sciences et Lettres – Paris: Université Paris Sciences et Lettres is a public research university located in Paris, France. It is ranked 42nd in the world by the QS World University Rankings and is a member of the League of European Research Universities.

4. Université Paris-Saclay – Saclay: Université Paris-Saclay is a public research university located in Saclay, France. It is ranked 52nd in the world by the QS World University Rankings and was established as part of the French government’s plan to create a cluster of world-class research universities in the Paris region.

5. Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne – Paris: Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne is a public research university located in Paris, France. It is ranked 238th in the world by the QS World University Rankings and is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in France.

6. Sciences Po – Paris: Sciences Po is a public research university located in Paris, France. It is ranked 251-300 in the world by the QS World University Rankings and is known for its strong programs in social sciences and international relations.

7. Université Paris Diderot – Paris: Université Paris Diderot is a public research university located in Paris, France. It is ranked 301-350 in the world by the QS World University Rankings and is known for its programs in natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences.

8. Université Grenoble Alpes – Grenoble: Université Grenoble Alpes is a public research university located in Grenoble, France. It is ranked 301-350 in the world by the QS World University Rankings and is known for its programs in engineering, natural sciences, and social sciences.

9. Université Paris Descartes – Paris: Université Paris Descartes is a public research university located in Paris, France. It is ranked 351-400 in the world by the QS World University Rankings and is known for its programs in health sciences, social sciences, and humanities.

10. Université de Strasbourg – Strasbourg: Université de Strasbourg is a public research university located in Strasbourg, France. It is ranked 351-400 in the world by the QS World University Rankings and is known for its programs in natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences.

“If you need assistance registering for college or university, our team is here to help.”

 

Strange or unusual to visitors in France

 

Kissing on the cheeks: It is common for French people to greet each other with a kiss on each cheek, even if they are meeting for the first time. This may seem strange or intimate to visitors from other countries who are not used to such a greeting.

Bread with every meal: French people love their bread and it is common to have a baguette or other type of bread with every meal, including breakfast.

Taking long lunch breaks: It is common for French people to take a long lunch break of 1-2 hours, often enjoying a full meal with wine, instead of quickly grabbing a sandwich or a salad.

Dog-friendly culture: Dogs are welcome in many public spaces in France, including restaurants, cafes, and even some museums. This may seem unusual to visitors from other countries where dogs are not allowed in such places.

Cigarette smoking: Although smoking is becoming less common in France, it is still more prevalent than in many other countries, and some French people may smoke in public places like outdoor cafes.

Public displays of affection: It is common for French people to show affection in public, like holding hands or kissing, which may seem unusual or uncomfortable to visitors from more reserved cultures.

Fashion sense: French people are known for their sense of style and fashion, and visitors may notice that people in France dress more elegantly and put more effort into their appearance than in other countries.

 

“Tips for Newcomers: Adjusting to Life in France”

 

Learn the language: Learning the French language can help you communicate better with locals and understand the culture better. Even if you are not fluent in French, being able to speak a few basic phrases can go a long way in making connections with locals.

Familiarize yourself with the culture: Take time to read about French culture, customs, and traditions. This can help you understand the values that are important to French people and how to behave in social situations.

Be punctual: French people value punctuality, so it’s important to arrive on time for appointments, meetings, and social events. Being late can be seen as disrespectful and may harm your relationships with locals.

Respect personal space: French people are often more formal and reserved in public than in other cultures. It’s important to respect their personal space and avoid being too loud or boisterous in public places.

Dress appropriately: French people are known for their sense of fashion, so it’s important to dress appropriately for different occasions. For example, it’s recommended to dress more formally for business meetings, and to avoid wearing athletic wear or casual clothing in public.

Enjoy French cuisine: French cuisine is world-renowned and a big part of French culture. Be adventurous and try new foods, and take time to enjoy meals with friends and family.

Get involved in local activities: Joining a local club or association can help you meet new people and learn more about French culture. Whether it’s joining a sports team or attending cultural events, getting involved in local activities can help you feel more connected to your new home.

Respect local customs and traditions: It’s important to respect local customs and traditions, even if they are different from your own. For example, it’s customary to greet people with a kiss on each cheek, even if you don’t know them well.

Be patient and adaptable: Adjusting to a new culture takes time and patience. Be open-minded, flexible, and willing to adapt to new situations and ways of doing things.

 

Top recruitment agencies in France

 

Adecco: Adecco is a multinational recruitment agency with a strong presence in France. They specialize in a wide range of industries and provide services including temporary and permanent recruitment, executive search, and workforce management.

Manpower: Manpower is a leading staffing and recruitment agency with operations in over 80 countries, including France. They offer a wide range of staffing solutions, including temporary and permanent recruitment, workforce management, and training and development.

Michael Page: Michael Page is a leading professional recruitment consultancy with operations in 35 countries, including France. They specialize in a range of industries and offer services including permanent recruitment, temporary staffing, and executive search.

Hays: Hays is a global recruitment agency with a strong presence in France. They specialize in a range of industries, including accounting, finance, and engineering, and offer services such as permanent and temporary staffing, executive search, and talent management.

Randstad: Randstad is a global staffing and recruitment agency with a strong presence in France. They offer a range of staffing solutions, including temporary and permanent recruitment, executive search, and talent management.

Robert Walters: Robert Walters is a global recruitment consultancy with a presence in France. They specialize in a range of industries, including finance, banking, and legal, and offer services such as permanent recruitment, interim management, and executive search.

Page Personnel: Page Personnel is a recruitment agency specializing in the placement of professionals in a variety of fields, including finance, sales, and administration. They have operations in France and offer services including permanent and temporary staffing and executive search.

 

Necessary phone numbers in France

 

• Emergency Services (Police, Firefighters, and Ambulance): 112
• National Police (Police Nationale): 17
• Fire Department (Sapeurs-Pompiers): 18
• Medical Emergency (SAMU): 15
• Child in Danger Hotline (Allô Enfance en Danger): 119
• European Emergency Number: 116 117
• Directory Assistance (Annuaire téléphonique): 118 712
• French Government Services Hotline: 3939
• Tourist Information: 01 42 96 70 00
• Lost or Stolen Credit Card Hotline: 0 892 705 705

 

The best way to immigrate to France

 

Joining your family member who is already a French citizen or resident: If you have a family member who is already living in France as a citizen or resident, you may be able to join them through family reunification. This will require you to provide documentation proving your relationship, and you may need to meet other requirements such as language proficiency and financial means.

Pursuing higher education in France: If you are interested in studying in France, you can apply for a student visa. This can be an option for you and your family if you are interested in pursuing education in France.

Starting a business in France: If you have the financial means and are interested in starting a business in France, you may be able to obtain a visa as an entrepreneur. This would require you to have a solid business plan and sufficient funds to support yourself and your family.

Obtaining a work visa: If you are able to secure a job offer in France, you may be able to obtain a work visa. This would require your employer to sponsor your visa and meet certain requirements.

In terms of the cheapest options, pursuing higher education in France may be one of the most cost-effective ways to immigrate, as student visas typically have lower fees than other types of visas. However, you will still need to have sufficient funds to support yourself and your family while you are studying.